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Periodontology is a branch of Dentistry that studies the tissues of the periodontium and treats the related pathologies generically called periodontal diseases or periodontal disease, or pyorrhea (historical term still used today in the population) or periodontitis and gingivitis. Dental malocclusions are due to the incorrect position of the teeth and incongruous dentition. Orthodontic treatment can help move the teeth into the correct position and improve the patient’s chewing function and smile. Orthodontics can be performed using mobile or fixed devices. Mobile devices, such as braces or night masks, are often used in younger patients and can be removed from the patient’s mouth. Fixed appliances, such as traditional metal braces or more modern transparent ceramic or sapphire appliances, are glued directly onto the teeth and cannot be removed by the patient. Additionally, there are other options such as lingual orthodontics where archwires and slots are placed on the inner surface of the teeth, making it virtually invisible. Orthodontic treatment usually requires a few visits to the dentist every 4-6 weeks, and the length of treatment can vary from individual to individual, depending on the extent of the problem to be corrected. In summary, orthodontics improves masticatory function, preventing problems in the oral cavity and giving a more aesthetic and healthy smile.